However, it decreases with age
But when it underperforms, this leads to a complex and often misunderstood condition called hypothyroidism
doi: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.11.002 151 DengCLiTXieYGuoYQyYLiangXet al
To treat them, you'll probably need shots of vitamin B12 at first, and then you may need to keep getting shots, or taking high doses of a supplement by mouth or nasally
Upregulates genes involved in antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, catalase), tissue repair (collagen synthesis, matrix metalloproteinases), anti-inflammation (suppressing TNF-, IL-6)
In preclinical models, IPA has been shown to enhance the expression of tight junction proteins in the BBB, reduce the severity of neuroinflammation, and preserve cognitive performance after CNS injury (Deng et al., 2024)