Investigators have examined its interactions with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, stress response systems, and neuroendocrine signaling, as well as its apparent ability to cross the blood-brain barrier under certain experimental conditions
For those comfortable with injection protocols, this route provides higher bioavailability and lower cost but requires more effort and risk assessment
All these studies indicate that injection lipolysis may be an effective option for reducing small to medium fat deposits in areas resistant to diet and exercise
These agents potentially have complementary effects in cardiovascular and renal protection (Graphical Abstract)
Understanding these differences provides an important foundation for comparing how peptides and steroids work, their potential benefits, associated risks, expected timelines for results, and overall treatment costs
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033944 Lederman RJ, Mendelsohn FO, Anderson RD, Saucedo JF, Tenaglia AN, Hermiller JB, Hillegass WB, Rocha-Singh K, Moon TE, Whitehouse MJ et al (2002) Therapeutic angiogenesis with recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2 for intermittent claudication (the TRAFFIC study): a randomised trial