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Add the standing members whose businesses also stand to gain, and the panel was loaded with financial interest in its own decision
Injecting through wet alcohol causes stinging and can carry trace alcohol into the subcutaneous layer
Tuberculin syringes: These are marked in mL with 0.01 mL gradations
Vitamin B12 There is four types of parenteral Vitamin B12 available: Cyanocobalamin 100 mcg/ml and 1000 mcg/ml best used as IM to prevent rapid loss via kidneys Hydroxycobalamin IM (compounded 1000 mcg/ml or more) known as long acting B12 (binds better to plasma proteins than cyanocobalamin) Methylcobalamin IV (compounded 1000 mcg or more up to 5000 mcg/ml) Adenosylcobalamin IV Common dose is 1000 mcg IM or IV Vitamin B12 as hydroxycobalamin is synthesized exclusively by microorganisms and is found in the liver of animals bound to protein as methylcobalamin = metabolically active form of Vitamin B12 Hydroxycobalamin is a chelator of cyanide and is used in cyanide poisoning Hydroxocobalamin is most generally used for vitamin B12 replacement therapy and is considered the drug of choice for vitamin B12 deficiency by the Martindale Extra Pharmacopoeia (Sweetman, 2002) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Drugs
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1405.001
Warnings and Precautions Hypokalemia: B12 therapy may cause a drop in potassium levels (hypokalemia), particularly during early treatment in patients with significant B12 deficiency
