Pharmacological management includes: Levodopa/carbidopa : The gold standard treatment that replenishes brain dopamine Dopamine agonists : Medications like pramipexole and ropinirole that directly stimulate dopamine receptors MAO-B inhibitors : Rasagiline, selegiline, and safinamide, which prevent dopamine breakdown COMT inhibitors : Entacapone and opicapone, which prolong levodopa action Amantadine : Used for dyskinesia management and mild symptom control Anticholinergics : Occasionally used for tremor in younger patients Non-pharmacological interventions are equally important and include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and regular exercise
By then, some patients might lose 10-20% of their starting weight, depending on their lifestyle and how well they stick to their prescribed plan
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Fatigue or weakness may be experienced by some patients, particularly during the initial weeks of therapy, and may be related to reduced caloric intake or metabolic adaptation
Science 334 , 809813 (2011)
Fatouros IG, Douroudos I, Panagoutsos S, Pasadakis P, Nikolaidis MG, Chatzinikolaou A, Sovatzidis A, Michailidis Y, Jamurtas AZ, Mandalidis DJM, et al