It cannot be used as food, dietary supplement or medicine
The honest comparison is about dose, time, what else you want in the bag, and how often you plan to come in
A systematic review and meta-analysis used to inform international PCOS guidelines discusses potential benefits and limitations (Fitz et al., 2024) in PubMeds record for the review
For example, athletes with high metabolic demands, vegans who consume no dietary B12, or individuals with chronic malabsorption issues like Crohns disease may find they feel their best with a bi-weekly (every two weeks) injection
the FDA has stated it lacks sufficient information to know whether the substance would cause harm when administered to humans Evidence snapshot: The evidence base is almost entirely preclinical, decades of animal (largely rat) studies, mostly from one Croatian research group (Sikiric et al., University of Zagreb), with a single small human trial under the brand name "Bepecin" (around 2015) that did not lead to any FDA-approved use
Small observational studies have reported modest weight loss, but these typically lack adequate controls for dietary modification, exercise, and placebo effects