These organ systems exemplify how immune cell mitochondrial dysfunction can influence surgical recovery and how interventions targeting these pathways have fared clinically ( Figure 7 )
68 In a study in 50 healthy client-owned dogs scheduled for elective surgery, administration of melatonin, at 5 mg/kg body weight two hours prior to anesthesia, produced a calming effect and reduced the amount of anesthesia needed
Tarighat Esfanjani A, Mahdavi R, Ebrahimi Mameghani M, Talebi M, Nikniaz Z, Safaiyan A
It improved GSH/GSSG ratios and reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha), which may support overall metabolic health
Additionally, this treatment helps in minimizing dark spots which normally appear as a result of hormonal changes or too much sunlight
Uses: Treat B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia, malabsorption, certain diets/drugs)