For vegetarians and vegans, it may be necessary to take supplements or eat fortified foods
Options include: Changing from one oral tablet formulation to another with different excipients Discussing sublingual preparations as an alternative (though evidence doesn't suggest superior absorption to oral tablets) For those on injections, checking the specific product's SmPC for excipient information In the UK, hydroxocobalamin injection is the licensed first-line treatment for B12 deficiency requiring parenteral therapy
For instance, some of these authors run clinics that offer BPC-157 as a treatment, creating a clear conflict of interest
Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS): Maintains stable physiological pH (approximately 7.4) with appropriate ionic strength
Refrigeration is non-negotiable
It represents their guarantee that, up to that date, the product remains sterile and the benzyl alcohol concentration is effective, provided it has been stored correctly (at controlled room temperature)