Secondary carnitine deficiency can be caused by increased losses, pharmacological therapy, a number of inherited metabolic disorders [38], poor diet or malabsorption of carnitine, from increased renal tubular loss of free carnitine (Fanconi syndrome), haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or the increased excretion of acylcarnitines[39] with certain drugs
They also showed improvement in various vascular markers such as endothelial glycocalyx thickness, global left ventricular strain, and myocardial work index
Without adequate levels of this vital tripeptide, your cells become increasingly vulnerable to sustained oxidative stress, which accelerates cellular fatigue, compromises immune defense, and visibly ages the integumentary system
*Correspondence: Lian-Shun Wang, [email protected] This article was submitted to Aquatic Physiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Physiology Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers
Myalgia typically starts in childhood while myoglobinuria starts later in adolescence or early adulthood [1]
Patients need to be committed to the process and have realistic expectations