In a nutshell it takes away pigment
Cysteine is frequently identified as rate-limiting, or limiting the ability of glutathione synthesis based on lack of availability
Pain may come from tendinopathy, partial tearing, joint instability, nerve irritation, referred pain, inflammatory disease, poor movement mechanics, overtraining, inadequate recovery, or an unresolved structural issue
Cells, therefore, employ antioxidantsthe most abundant of which in the brain is glutathione (GSH)to neutralize ROS by serving as electron donors to limit cell damage(Dringen, 2000
Fun fact Glutathione levels naturally decline by up to 10% per decade after age 20
According to the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, vitamin B12 is available as cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin, which are typically administered parenterally by intramuscular injection to bypass gastrointestinal absorption barriers