PP induces an anorexigenic response within the brainstem (area postremus, AP) and vagus
As for how it relates to GLP-1, a 2024 study found that berberine significantly increased GLP-1 levels
For someone losing 20kg, that represents 80kg less force with each step
Candido R, Gaiotti S, Giudici F, et al
These can be differentiated from each other by estimating plasma amino acids, urine orotic acid, and genetic testing [Figure 3]
The term "GLP-1 patch" appears in consumer searches and some product marketing, but it does not mean the product contains pharmaceutical GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide or tirzepatide